Феномен џихадистичке мисли у 20. и 21. веку: од идеолошких основа до оружане бруталности

Аутори

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https://doi.org/10.54561/prj2001071b

Кључне речи:

jihadist, jihad, ideology, revivalist, networks

Сажетак

Ова студија истражује феномен џихадистичке мисли током двадесетог и двадесет првог века, анализирајући њен развој од идеолошких основа до бруталних облика оружаног насиља. У раду се тврди да се џихадистичка идеологија не може свести на изоловане терористичке акте нити посматрати искључиво кроз безбедносну призму; напротив, она представља сложен интелектуални и политички систем обликован верским текстовима, политичким фрустрацијама, историјским неправдама и друштвеним кризама. Истраживање користи генеалошки и компаративни приступ како би пратило развој џихадизма од раних теоретичара попут Сајида Кутба до оперативних стратегија организација као што су Ал-Каида и ИСИС. Студија идентификује кључне фазе у развоју џихадистичких покрета: од Кутбовог револуционарног преиспитивања исламских појмова као што су џахилија и хакимија, преко глобализоване милитантности Ал-Каиде, до експеримента ИСИС-а у квазидржавном управљању обележеном екстремном бруталношћу и софистицираном пропагандом. Рад показује како се џихадистичка мисао трансформисала од обновитељског протеста у доктрину нихилистичког насиља, при чему су се теолошка оправдања развијала упоредо са геополитичким приликама, као што су хаос након Арапског пролећа и искоришћавање пропалих држава. Даље, истраживање испитује како су се џихадистички покрети структурно прилагођавали, прелазећи са хијерархијских на децентрализоване, умрежене моделе, користећи дигиталне технологије за ширење свог идеолошког домета и оперативних капацитета. Истиче се трајна напетост између глобалних амбиција џихадизма и локалних динамика, као и све већи нагласак на виртуелизацији и асиметричном ратовању. На крају, студија закључује да се џихадистичка мисао развила у хибридну идеологију — делом верску, делом револуционарну, делом нихилистичку — која наставља да користи глобалне неправде и кризе идентитета. Борба против њене постојаности захтева не само безбедносне мере већ и интелектуалне и теолошке напоре усмерене ка враћању исламског дискурса из екстремистичких искривљења и промовисању алтернативних наратива заснованих на миру, правди и људском достојанству.

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2026-05-20

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